Herman Munster. CBS Television, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
As an undergraduate majoring in religious studies, I was expected to take a semester-long course entitled “hermeneutics.” I had no idea what this term meant. As a young boy, the only religious subjects I ever heard about were in Hebrew school. Unsurprisingly, my synagogue in Newark, NJ, did not offer a course in “hermeneutics.”
The only connection I made to any person named “Herman” was TV’s parody of the Frankenstein monster known as Herman Munster. Maybe the university I attended expected me to take a class on British rock bands, focusing on the British pop group “Herman’s Hermits.” I wasn’t sure lead singer Peter Noone had enough hits to fill a semester’s coursework
I soon discovered other famous Hermans, including the TV character Pee Wee Herman and the NY Yankee baseball great George Herman “Babe” Ruth. Eventually, I wised up and realized the Religious Department of Dallas Baptist University would hardly offer a semester course that catered to my penchant for nostalgia.
So what is hermeneutics? After further investigation, I learned that hermeneutics is a discipline necessary to correctly understand the Scriptures, both the Hebrew text and the New Covenant. I hope I cleared up this mystery for those struggling to understand what “hermeneutics” is all about. Perhaps you feel Pee Wee Herman is more interesting.
The Centrality of Biblical Hermeneutics
I like the definition of hermeneutics offered by the IVP Pocket Dictionary of Τheological Terms (pg. 59, InterVarsity Press, 1999):
The discipline that studies the principles and theories of how texts ought to be interpreted, particularly sacred texts such as the Scriptures. Hermeneutics also concerns itself with understanding the unique roles and relationships between the author, the text, and the original or subsequent readers.
When a student applies hermeneutical skills to the sacred text of the Tenach or the New Testament, they understand the passage(s) being studied with greater respect. Hermeneutical proficiency prevents the Bible student from making superficial observations about a biblical passage. Instead, the student is called to study a passage seriously, in a way that conforms to the author’s original intent.
Are you ready for this? Without understanding hermeneutics, the student of religion cannot begin to comprehend what many Bible verses are about.
Dare I say it? A good grasp of biblical hermeneutics is the central tool for making sense of many hard-to-decipher Scripture passages.
I hope I raised your curiosity. So let’s take a break from listening to our worn-out Herman Hermit’s 45s and take a deep dive into hermeneutical tools.
In the last post, I compared running a race in which a runner hands off a baton to another runner to how many evangelicals view an alleged handoff between the Jewish Scriptures and the New Covenant.
In foot racing, a technique called the handoff, or baton pass, is used. One runner passes a strike (baton) to the next runner. The goal is to keep running without dropping the baton. Once the baton is handed over, the former carrier drops out of the contest and allows the handoffee to keep running.
This is how most Christians view the relationship between the two testaments. The baton is the redemption story that runs through both volumes. The Old Testament, or the first runner, hands off the redemption thread to the New Testament (second runner). Next, the Old Testament drops out of the race. Evangelicals will often say the Tenach has done its job and there is no longer a need for the Hebrew Scriptures.
Are these evangelicals correct? Did the Jewish Scriptures hand off the redemption story to the New Covenant and then drop out of the race? Does the Hebrew Bible still speak to us today, or has the ancient text completed its job?
As far as I can tell, the runner attached to the Jewish Scriptures is still part of the race and continues to speak to us today.
I propose that BOTH TESTAMENTS grasp the baton of the redemption story and run the race together, hand in hand. Despite what Christian theologians and pastoral figures teach, NT writers do not view the Tenach as outdated, discarded, or unnecessary.
I’ll address these issues in great depth in this post and the next. In the meantime, I want to clarify my terminology. The reader will note that I refrain from any overuse of the term “Old Testament.” The word OLD makes the Hebrew text appear outdated or even inferior to the NEW Testament.
Therefore, I prefer terms like Jewish Bible or Scriptures, Hebrew Text, or the Tenach. Tanakh is an acronym using the Hebrew letters that describe the three-part breakdown of the Hebrew text: Torah, Nevi’im (the prophets), and the Ketubim (the writings). The first letters of these three terms are as follows: TNK, or TeNaK, also spelled Tenach. When I do use the term “Old Testament” in this post, it is mostly for stylistic reasons.
Last year I was briefed by the MLB. TV app that I had watched or listened to over 130 hours of baseball in 2025. I wasn’t surprised. Major League Baseball is a sport that plays well without having to view the game on TV; one can also savor the radio feed. Yet, the listening quality of a baseball game depends on the expertise and sensitivity of the sports broadcaster.
As an NY Yankees fan, I took pleasure in the years I spent listening to the radio voices of John Sterling and Susan Waldman call the Bronx Bombers’ baseball games. Since I now live in Southern California, I also relished the broadcasting skills of LA Dodgers legendary announcer Vin Scully.
One of the skills of a crack baseball commentator is knowing when to stop talking and let the game breathe! Scully was a master at detecting the intensity of a game when the Dodgers were in a win-or-lose situation.
It’s the bottom of the ninth. The Blue Crew are down by one run with two outs and two eager runners on second and third. The opposing pitcher has a full count on the batter. The crowd is edgy, but silent.
What in the world would Scully say? Share a few recent stats on the perspiring pitcher’s record with men on base in the bottom half of the ninth inning? How about several fresh analytics on how the LA hitter performs in these situations?
Nope! Scully would remain silent.
Vin waited on the inhale of bated breath of the LA crowd, and the exhale of the next pitch, to call the game any further. His baseball broadcasting was priceless.
For expert broadcasters of America’s National pastime, a crowd’s intense silence at the bottom of the ninth needs no additional baseball banter. Instead, the hushed anticipation of baseball fans poised to see their team take the lead speaks louder than any barrage of statistics, analytics, and speculation. It is prime time to let the game breathe.
When the Hebrew Scriptures Need to Breathe
The same observation applies to how some pastors interact with the Jewish Scriptures, which Christians refer to as the Old Testament.
At times I perceive evangelical pulpiteers unnecessarily throttle the Hebrew Scriptures by carpeting the ancient text with Christian themes and far-fetched applications. These biblical orators feel the need to insert Christian theology into a text directed at ancient Israel and sidestep the message God originally steered towards the Jewish nation.
When this scenario occurs, the original application of a passage is lost. In other words, the pastor refuses to allow the Jewish Scriptures to breathe on their own. Instead, he flings an NT blanket to smother the words of the Hebrew text lest his non-Jewish Christian audience be confused by a passage that contains a present-day or future message to the Jewish people.
As I pen these words in March 2026, Israel and the United States are locked in an aggressive attempt to permanently damage the repressive regime of the Islamic State of Iran. With that important goal, the objectives of the US and Israel are to disrupt Iran’s program to refine enough nuclear material to build a nuclear bomb and to crush Iran’s aim to finance world terrorism aimed at the destruction of the modern state of Israel.
While my purpose of this post is NOT to argue the pros and cons of the current war effort, I am concerned with the many voices that are blaming Israel for “pulling the US into another war in the Middle East.”
Sadly, a sizeable force of Israel’s detractors exists inside evangelical Christianity. Many of these evangelical influencers are opposed to any effort that positions Christians in a supportive role to the nation of Israel. Therefore, to prevent any hint of evangelical support of Israel, Christian critics of the modern Jewish state are bent on a mission to delegitimize the modern state of Israel. How?
Some evangelical leaders are adamant in denying that today’s Jewish people have any connection to the biblical Israel. In other words, the Jewish people living in Israel and the Diaspora outside Israel are “fake Jews.”
Consequently, why would Bible-believing Christians want to support a nation of impostors who are pretending to be part of the nation that Yeshua, the Messiah of Israel, belonged to while He was on earth 2000 years ago?
Then we witness other Bible-clutching leaders and theologians who claim the Church is the true Israel. In other words, a more genuine spiritual Israel, i.e., evangelical Christians, are now replacing Jewish people who are OUTSIDE the Body of followers of Yeshua.
Where do these Israel-denying efforts by Christians leave the Jewish people? In part 1 of this post, I surmised that any denial of Israel’s rightful place in the ongoing promises of God assigns Israel to a “phantom status.” If Gentile followers of Yeshua replace Jewish people, or if Jews are proven to have no connections to the biblical nation of Israel, the Jewish state is a nebulous nation with a “stolen identity.”
This post will answer one question: “Who is the nation of Israel?” Are those, like myself, who call themselves Jewish, embracing a false identity? Most importantly, is there any indication in the New Covenant Scriptures that the nation of Israel no longer exists and has now been replaced by the Church? If so, we should be able to find solid evidence in the NT scriptures that Israel’s identity has undergone a radical transformation. The modern state of Israel is nothing more than a “p” antom Israel.”Israel’s identity
Are the biblical Israel and the modern state of Israel the same?
I never thought I’d be asking this question in 2026. Let me state this question differently: Are the modern state of Israel under Benjamin Netanyahu and the biblical Israel under King David two distinct entities with no connection between them?
Of course, many centuries separate the two bodies called “Israel.” Yet, why should a doubt be raised whether Jewish people descended from Abraham and his offspring now residing in Israel are not the same?
When one fantasizes that the Israel of the Hebrew Scriptures no longer exists and has been replaced by the New Testament Church, that person has transformed modern-day Israel into a shell of its former self. This Christian belief is called “replacement theology.” I view this newly rendered Israel as a “phantom Israel.”
Replacement theology is the primary source of the mystification of Israel. Those who redefine biblical Israel into a spiritual Israel need to have their view of a shadow Israel demystified.
Kirk Cameron’s Bizarre Views on Israel
In a recent YouTube video from the messianic ministry, First Fruits of Zion, the podcast host Jacob Fronczak discusses Christian celebrity Kirk Cameron’s views on the modern state of Israel. In brief, Cameron questions whether the ancient nation of Israel and the modern Jewish state are identical. Several evangelical pastors, such as Andy Woods, and other scholars have astutely responded to Cameron’s misguided view on Israel.
The Promises to Abraham Are Meant ONLY for the Patriarch
As an example of Cameron’s baffling position on Israel, he maintains the blessings promised to Abraham apply ONLY to the patriarch, but NOT to his descendants. The former TV star appears to be wearing foggy lenses when he suggests the nation of Israel does not appear in the establishment of God’s covenant with Abraham, “And I will make of you a great NATION, and I will bless you and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing (Genesis 12:2 ESV) (bold font added by author).
If Israel is not the nation promised to Abraham, according to Kirk Cameron, who is the nation God promised would come forth from Abraham? Could it be Edom or Turkey? Perhaps the nation God promised to the patriarch is Great Britain. I’ll let the reader answer this question.
It’s about time! Some evangelical superstar had to say something. We can no longer ignore the gorilla of extreme conservative politics running berserk in today’s evangelical Church. In Pastor Andy Stanley’s book, “Not In It To Win It,” the author boldly goes where most evangelical leaders fear to tread.
The pastor of North Point Church in Alpharetta, GA is exasperated over the current trend of evangelicals who align themselves with right-wing conservative elements. He raises eyebrows in his criticism of pastors, Christian podcasters, and leaders who “lined up behind their political party of choice and leveraged our sacred text to validate political talking points.”
Most importantly, Pastor Stanley recognizes this development is detrimental to the cause of bringing the good news of redemption to all people.
In past generations, Christians broke down our culture into those who know Jesus and those who don’t. Instead, a significant segment of evangelicals has divided our society politically into the Left and the Right.
A few months back, I was amazed listening to a message by modern-day “prophet” and evangelist Mario Murillo in which he stated the “enemy of the Christian is the Democrats.” Even Jesus did not designate the Romans or the Sadducees as enemies of His followers. Yeshua viewed His day’s political and religious parties as lost sheep in need of salvation, not ideological adversaries.
Evangelicals have turned a new corner where Jesus’ followers are intent on changing our world through endorsing political efforts, passing laws that reflect conservative principles, and supporting Right-wing candidates regardless of their ties to white Christian nationalism. Stanley points out that Jesus no longer changes lives in this revised evangelical era. Instead, Right-wing political activism is the key to the transformation of our broken society.
The past five years have been extremely challenging since I am not 100% on board with the angry tenor of evangelical conservative politics. I’ve witnessed ridicule and rejection from fellow evangelicals on social media because of my convictions.
Brotherhood in the Lord has been trumped by something or someone else. I sense my spiritual connection to certain Christians is no longer enough.
Nevertheless, I consider myself an independent who embraces the core tenets of conservatism.
We are not here to “win” elections, argues Stanley, but for a greater purpose: to radiate the love and compassion of Yeshua to bring non-believers to His redeeming power.
The key takeaway points I gained from “Not In It To Win It” (NIITWI), in addition to my observations, are as follows:
*Evangelicals have shifted the focus from sharing the good news to supporting political causes
*Evangelicals have opted to cancel fellow Christians who do not align with their conservative political viewpoint
*Evangelicals are placing their trust in political activism to change America’s culture more than the power of the Messiah Jesus
*Evangelicals have little issue aligning themselves with Right-wing politicians and talk show media stars who have the reputation of being white nationalist and even antisemitic
*Evangelicals have revised the Christian message as one bent on saving America rather than Americans.
*Evangelicals have no biblical basis for espousing the idea God made a covenant with America.
In Matthew 3:2 the prophet John the Baptizer in the New Covenant admonished his fellow Jewish seekers, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” Today many evangelicals have revised John’s call to prepare oneself for the coming of God’s kingdom on earth. Today Matthew 3:2 has been revised to say, “Vote, for the kingdom of God is at hand.”
When I picture an Evil Empire, Darth Vadar, Star War’s devious leader of the Dark Side, prowls across my mind. Throw in a squadron of Imperial Stormtroopers clashing with Rebel Alliance combatants, and we have an accurate description of an Evil Empire.
But the modern nation of Israel as the “new Evil Empire”? No way! Yet some Christian leaders are accusing the Jewish nation of playing the role of ambassadors for the Dark Side in the Middle East.
This article was originally written for The Messianic Times in 2007. Since the accusation of Israel as an apartheid nation continues in some evangelical circles, I thought it would benefit the readers of Scripture Solutions to take a look at the issue once again.
My major concern is not only with the politics involved in the incrimination of Israel but also with the fact this indictment stems from anti-Israel evangelicals.
I presume some evangelicals cited in this article have either changed or eschewed their position or doubled down on their viewpoint. It is not the purpose of this reprint to update the negative views held by these evangelicals towards Israel. This piece is a reflection of what was taking place 14 years ago among Christian leaders in their perspective on the modern state of Israel.
One further observation. Many of the links included in the first article are no longer operable. So I have deleted them from the text and retained the links that are still active.
What Christian leaders would possess the chutzpah to assign this sinister caricature to the Jewish state?
An evangelical call to unmask the so-called Evil Empire
Rev. Donald Wagner, director for the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Chicago’s North Park University, addressed the National Middle Eastern Presbyterian Caucus (NMEPC) held in Birmingham, Alabama in June 2006. Though Wagner offered his remarks on Father’s Day (June 18, 2006), his vilification of Israel could hardly have pleased the Heavenly Father, the Holy One of Israel.
Wagner, the founder of Evangelicals for Middle East Understanding, referred to Israel as part of a “globalized empire” that employs such things as “weapons and the international media for its gain.”
Appealing to an evangelical audience, the Chicago professor challenged his listeners, “We have to unmask the face of the evil empire.”
Wagner, who had recently returned from a trip to the Holy Land declared, “It is time that we start using the word apartheid. In fact, it is worse than apartheid.”
Other Christian leaders have unfortunately provided the fodder for Wagner’s biting words towards the Jewish nation.
By now the controversy surrounding the Jews for Jesusvideo “That Jew Died for You” has simmered down. Still the strong negative reaction by the Jewish community to the JFJ evangelistic effort remains a stain on Jewish-Christian relations.
At the release of the video prior to Holocaust Remembrance Day, a Jews for Jesus press release, explained the video seeks “to help redefine the conversation and reshape views of Jesus and His relationship to the Holocaust.”
The intentions of JFJ in the production of this video were honorable and aimed to initiate conversation among Jewish people regarding Christianity’s relationship to the murder of six million Jews under the evil Nazi regime.
David Brickner, Executive Director of JFJ offered his public commentary on the video, “The horrors of the Holocaust and the 6 million who died has gnawed at the consciousness of Jews for over 60 years. We want Jewish people to understand that the sufferings inflicted at the hands of the Nazi’s were in no way based on the teachings of Jesus (underlining mine). In fact, he suffered and died on our behalf to show us the love of God.”
Oddly, the majority of Jewish people do not think the teachings of Jesus are responsible for the horrors of the Holocaust. Rather, the Jewish community is more concerned with the antisemitic attitudes of Eastern European Christians prior to and during World War II that helped fuel the racist ideology behind the Holocaust. (more…)
Apr 4, 2014
Posted by Scripture Solutions on Apr 4, 2014 | Comments Off on Not All Israel Is Israel Part 3
The controversy over God’s continuation of Israel as a viable nation despite their rejection of Jesus as their Messiah looms large in the Christian church.
Most followers of Jesus are not even aware of the various Christian theologies regarding the Jewish nation. Yet when uninformed evangelicals are exposed to such anti-Israel beliefs such as Replacement Theology (the view that Israel is no longer God’s elect people but replaced by the Church), these Christians are conflicted over what they are hearing and what the Bible teaches.
As a representative of Replacement Theology (though he prefers the term “Fulfillment Theology”) Gary Burge, New Testament professor at Wheaton College, in his book Whose Land? Whose Promises? the author states, “Abraham can become the father of many nations because when Gentiles share in Abraham’s faith, he becomes their father too (Romans 4:16). Physical lineage, therefore, has been spiritualized into a lineage based on faith (emphasis mine). The ‘land of Israel’ is likewise spirtualized now to include the entire world” (pg. 182).
The key concept to focus on from Burge’s theology is, “physical lineage . . . has been spiritualized into a lineage based on faith.” Israel is no longer a physical nation, according to the Wheaton professor, but has become a spiritual entity that one enters into by faith in Christ not by physical heritage through Abraham. If the physical seed has been “spiritualized” then the “physical” is no longer relevant, hence the physical nation of Israel is moot to God’s spiritual program.
The glaring mistake Burge makes is twofold: first, the physical lineage of a member of the nation of Israel never implied the individual within the nation has a relationship with God, and second, within the physical nation of Israel there has always existed a spiritual remnant of Israelites who remained faithful to God. These two truths do not redefined the nation of Israel, but describe the reality of a spiritual remnant within the physical Jewish nation.
In contrast to Gary Burge’s fulfillment theology which pushes aside God’s plan for the physical nation the Apostle Paul teaches that Israel still exists as a nation even after the first coming of the Messiah. In Romans 9:3-4a Paul pleads, “For I could wish that I myself were cursed and cut off from Christ for the sake of my people, those of my own race, the people of Israel.” To Paul, “those of his own race” are “the people of Israel” quite alive and not replaced by or fulfilled in the New Testament church. (more…)
Mar 20, 2014
Posted by Scripture Solutions on Mar 20, 2014 | Comments Off on Not All Israel is Israel Part 2
To many students of the Bible Paul’s comment in Romans 9:6 that “not all who are descended from Israel are Israel” (NIV) sounds very strange. Is Paul saying the part of Israel that is “descended from Israel” is no longer part of the nation known as Israel? Then that would mean the only people who are actually Israelites are Jewish people who believe in Yeshua as Messiah and the “not all who are descended from Israel ” group are no longer members of the Jewish nation. Yet if you follow that logic, any examples of the NT apostles addressing the segment of the Jewish nation who have not accepted Yeshua as Messiah as still “Israel” makes no sense.
Check out these examples from the New Testament:
Acts 2:22: “Fellow Israelites, listen to this:
Acts 2:29: “Fellow Israelites, I can tell you confidently that the patriarch David died and was buried, and his tomb is here to this day.”
Acts 2: 36: “Therefore let all Israel be assured of this: God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Messiah.”
Acts 3:12: “When Peter saw this, he said to them: “Fellow Israelites, why does this surprise you?”
Acts 3:17: “Now, fellow Israelites, I know that you acted in ignorance, as did your leaders.”
Acts 4:10: “then know this, you and all the people of Israel: It is by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified but whom God raised from the dead, that this man stands before you healed.”
No wonder Christians are befuddled by Paul’s reference to two Israel’s in Romans 9:6.
Twelve Tribes of Israel
In light of Paul’s head-scratching use of the phrase, “”not all who are descended from Israel are Israel”, Christian theologians come up with explanations that confuse the issue even more.
My favorite explanation is the one that states unbelieving Israel has been replaced by the Church. This is called “replacement theology.” In this theological system, “Israel” that accepted Yeshua is none other than the Church. Rather than create clarity, Replacement Theology (aka disguised as Fulfillment Theology or Transformation Theology or Promise Theology) contributes more fuzzy thinking since the reader of the New Testament is forced to think “Church” when he reads the term “Israel”. Try to think “Church” in reading Romans 11:26, “and in this way all Israel will be saved.” Thanks, but no thanks. (more…)
